Wolemba wailesi: Kumvetsetsa mabatani apafupi a ITU kuchokera ku RFF ku Uhf
2024-09-04 5001

Mawonekedwe a electromagram amaimira mitundu yowonjezera ya mitundu yama radiation, iliyonse yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe omwe amafunikira pakulankhulana kwamakono ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo.Pakatikati pa spectrum iyi imakhala ndi wailesi yazinema, yomwe imagawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana pazinthu zina zaukadaulo, kuchokera kulumikizana kwa nthawi yayitali ndikutsatira kutumiza kwa satellite.Nkhaniyi ikuwunikiranso munthawi yamitundu iyi, yotsogozedwa ndi gulu lopangidwa ndi gulu lomwe limapangidwa ndi mayina apadziko lonse lapansi.Mwa kupenda band iliyonse kuchokera ku frequency yotsika kwambiri (Elf) mopitirira muyeso (THF), timawona momwe ma frequencies amagwirira ntchito kunyanjaza ma network a ma Netsge 5g ndi zomwe zingachitike.

Kataloji

Chithunzi 1: wailesi yailesi

Kuyang'ana wailesi

Wolemba wailesi ndi gawo lalikulu la electromagram spectrum, lomwe limazungulira mitundu yopanda ma radiation, kuphatikiza mafunde ailesi, kuwala kowoneka, komanso zowala.Ndizofunikira kumvetsetsa momwe mafunde amagetsi amagetsi amakhala ndi kulumikizana ndi chilengedwe.Izi zimagawidwanso mobwerezabwereza zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri, aliyense amadziwika ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi maulendo omwe amalongosola magwiridwe awo aukadaulo.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi maulendo omwe ali mkati mwa wailesi amathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana.Maulendo otsika, monga omwe ali mu LF, mf, ndi bandes hf, excel m'mayanjano ataliatali.Amakwaniritsa izi pogwiritsa ntchito ionoproste, kulola kuti zisavomereze mtunda waukulu.Mosiyana ndi izi, ma frequenies apamwamba, monga vhf, ndi ehf, ndi ehf, ndioyenera kulumikizana kwambiri ndi ma point ndi ma point ndi ma satellite mayanjano.Maulamuliro awo afupikitsa amalola kuti azikhala ndi mitengo yambiri, mitengo yapamwamba ya data, ndikuchepetsa, ndikupangitsa kuti akhale abwino kwa ma bandwidth ofunikira kwambiri.

Gulu lililonse la pafupipafupi limapereka zolinga zosiyana:

Pafupipafupi (LF) - Zabwino zolumikizirana nthawi yayitali, kuphatikizapo kuyenda kwa Marita.

Pafupipafupi (mf) - Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pawailesi yamuyilesi, ndikupereka zowerengera zambiri.

Pafupipafupi (hf) - Lowetsani kutchula kwapadera kwa mayiko am'mimba komanso m'magulu ankhondo am'madzi ndi magetsi, komwe zizindikiro zimadalira kuwonetsera kwa IosSosherric kutumizidwa kwa nthawi yayitali.

Pafupipafupi (vhf) ndi ultra frequency (uhf) - Kufuna kwa wailesi ya FM, pa TV ya TV, ndi ma cell ma networ, komwe zizindikiro zomveka ndi zodalirika ndizodziwika.

Pafupipafupi (ehf) - amagwiritsidwa ntchito polankhulana mopitirira malire, kuphatikizapo kulumikizana ndi ma satellite, komanso radar, komwe mitengo ya data yapamwamba komanso molondola.

Magulu a Itu Mofulumira

Kulankhulana Padziko Lonse Padziko LonseKuti muwonetsetse kugwiritsidwa ntchito mogwirizana padziko lonse lapansi, itu imagawana mawonekedwe a magawo khumi ndi awiri osiyana, omwe amalembedwa ndi mawu ngati phomb, mf, ndi HF.Izi ndizoyenera kulinganiza momwe zimagwirira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi.

Chithunzi 2: ATU mobwerezabwereza

Zakale, mabungwe amenewa adalembedwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chiyembekezo.Komabe, kuti muwonjezere chipongwe, itu tsopano imagwiritsa ntchito maudindo okhudzana ndi pafupipafupi.Malire a mabatani awa amakhazikitsidwa pamagetsi khumi (1 x 10ⁿ).Mwachitsanzo, gulu la HF limafotokozedwa bwino kuyambira 3 MHZ mpaka 30 Mhz.Kapangidwe kayidwe kameneka, monga tafotokozera mu AVU Mailesi Awa Wailesi, Imathandizira gawo lokwanira komanso lothandiza lazinthu zaluso pafupipafupi, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zigawo zamadera.

Ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kugwira ntchito mkati mwa mawu a iTu pokhazikitsa njira zolumikizirana.Amasankha pafupipafupi mwa kupenda mawonekedwe a gulu lililonse ndikuwagwirizanitsa ndi cholinga cholankhulirana.Zinthu zoyambirira zimaphatikizapo kufalitsa mikhalidwe, magwero osokoneza, komanso kutsatira malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi.Kugwiritsa ntchito njirazi kumafuna kuwongolera mwatsatanetsatane, komwe ogwiritsa ntchito amasintha kuti ayankhe kusintha kwa nyengo yeniyeni ndi zofuna zake.NJIRA yosangalatsayi inkafunidwa kuti ikhale yolumikizirana komanso kumveka bwino, kuwonetsa zovuta zovuta zomwe akatswiri amakumana nawo.

Katundu ndi ntchito za makonda a wayilesi

Mabungwe a radio pafupipafupi amabisa maulendo angapo, iliyonse yokhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mwaukadaulo.Mwachitsanzo, ma frequenies omwe ali pamwamba pa 300 ghz amatengeka kwambiri ndi mamolekyulu amlengalenga, ndikupereka mlengalenga wapadziko lapansi pafupifupi Opaque ku ma frequen.Kumbali inayo, maulendo apamwamba kwambiri omwe ali pafupi kwambiri amakhala ndi mayamwidwe ocheperako, kulola kutumiza kwatsopano.

Katundu wina wa bandani amadzibwereketsa ndalama zambiri:

Maulendo otsika (pansipa 3 Mhz) - Awa ndi abwino kuyankhulana kwa nthawi yayitali, monga wailesi yailesi, chifukwa amatha kuwunika inoprophere ndikuphimba mtunda waukulu.

Ma pafupipafupi (3 mhz mpaka 30 mhz) - Maulemu awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kulumikizana ndi kulumikizana, kupereka malire pakati pa mitundu ndi kumveka.

Maulendo apamwamba (30 mhz mpaka 300 mhz) - Magawo awa ndi angwiro pa wailesi ya FM ndi kuwawalutsa pa TV, makamaka kumadera omwe amafana nawo ndi mwayi.

Ultra frequencies (300 mhz mpaka 3 ghz) - Kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mafoni am'manja ndi GPS, ma frequencs awa amapereka ulemu wabwino pakati pa mitundu ndi kuthekera konyamula deta yambiri.

Ma frequen okwera kwambiri (30 GHz mpaka 300 GHz) - Yoyenera kuwerengera kwa radar ndi satellite, maulendo awa amatha kuthana ndi kufalikira kwakukulu koma kumakhudzidwa ndi mikhalidwe ya mlengalenga ngati mvula.

Mukamasankha ma radio azinthu zosiyanasiyana, ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kuganizira momwe mawonekedwe amlengalenga, monga Ionoshesherric Scoretters, amathandizira kufalitsa kwina.Zinthu izi ndizofunikira makamaka zolumikizana ndi ma satellite.Mwachitsanzo, kulumikizana kwa HF kumadalira kwambiri malo a inospheric, kumafunikira ogwiritsa ntchito kusintha makompyuta monga nthawi ya tsiku komanso ntchito yochitira dzuwa kuti apitirize kulankhulana.

Pafupipafupi (elf) gulu

Nthawi yochepa kwambiri (elf) band, kuyambira 3 mpaka 30 Hz, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino pakati pa 10,000 km ndi 100,000 km.Khalidwe lapaderali limapangitsa kuti likhale labwino kwambiri pamadzi apansi pamadzi, monga zizindikiro za elf amatha kulowa mkati mwa madzi am'nyanja, kupangitsa kulumikizana ndi maina am'mimba kudutsa mtunda wautali.

Chithunzi 3: bala la Elf

Popeza kuwomboledwa kwakukulu, antennas achikhalidwe kumafunikira kukhala lalikulu kwambiri kuti agwire bwino pa ma frequenies awa.Kuti muthane ndi izi, maluso apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupatsa zizindikiro za elf.Kukhazikitsa kwakukulu kokhazikitsidwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi zingwe zochulukirapo komanso ma anterstrial anterstrial ma anterrmial ma kilomita ambiri amafalikira makilomita ambiri.Zolemba izi zimapangidwa kuti zizipanga mphamvu yayikulu ndi minda yapadera yamagetsi yofunikira kuti ifalikire bwino.

Kugwiritsa ntchito baji ya Elf kumafuna kuphatikiza mosamala ndi kukonza.Ulamuliro wotumiza uyenera kukhazikitsidwa mobwerezabwereza kuonetsetsa kulankhulana momveka bwino, ngakhale kuti pali zofananira pang'onopang'ono komanso chiopsezo kusokoneza zochitika zosiyanasiyana za geophomena.Ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kuwunika mosalekeza ndikusintha ma system, omwe amawerengera v ariat ma iyospheric ndi a Ionospheric zomwe zingasokoneze kumveka.

Wotsika kwambiri (sll) gulu

Bungwe lotsika kwambiri (slls) band, kuyambira 30 mpaka 300 Hz ndi Midlengths pakati pa 1,000 km ndi 10,000 km, ndiye kuti amayang'ana maulendo apamadzi.Mafupa aatali awa amalola ma slf amadzi kulowa m'madzi akum'madzi, ndikupangitsa kuti akhale othandiza pamikhalidwe yomwe maulendo apamwamba ndi osathandiza.

Chithunzi 4: Super Frequency (sll) gulu

Komabe, gulu la slf likhala ndi malire kwambiri - bandwidth yake yopapatiza, yomwe imaletsa zonsezi kuthamanga ndi kufalitsa deta.Chifukwa chake, ma alf a slf amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachidule, chofunikira kwambiri.Bandi iyi imafunikira makamaka m'malo omwe kulumikizana ndi ma curquenc ena sangathe kuphimba bwino (monga Nyanja Yakuya).

Kugwira ntchito mkati mwa slf kumaphatikizapo zida zapadera komanso njira zolondola.Mbadwo wa Signal Mbadwo Umafuna njira zazikulu kapena ma Netswork apamwamba omwe amapangidwira mokwanira kuti athere maulendo otsika awa.Ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kusamalira makonda otumiza kuti athane ndi kufalitsa kosachedwa ndikuchepetsa phokoso, zomwe zingasokoneze kuyanjana.

Ultra Wotsika Kwambiri (ULL) Band

Maulendo otsika otsika (alf) band, kuphimba maulendo a 300 mpaka 3,000 Hz, kugwera mumtunduwu womveka m'makutu wa anthu.Gululi limagwiritsidwa ntchito polankhulana ndi sitima zapamadzi komanso m'magawo ophatikizira ngati mabomu, pomwe njira zachilankhulo zapadzikolo zimalephera.

Chithunzi 5: UFL Band

Ubwino woyambira wa alf ndi kuthekera kwawo kolowera m'madzi ndi dziko lapansi, kulola kulumikizana kodalirika kwa malo omwe zizindikiro zapamwamba kwambiri zimalimbana.Kulefula kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti mufomu ukhale waukulu pa mafakitale ena a mafakitale ndi ankhondo, komwe amakhalabe ndi umboni wa zizindikilo pamavuto.

Kugwira ntchito ndi ma frequentes a ULF kumafunika ukadaulo wapamwamba komanso luso lokonzekera ntchito.Zipangizozo ziyenera kupangidwa kuti zizitha kuthana ndi zizindikiro zochepa, ndikutsimikizira kuti amakhalabe okhazikika patali kwambiri.Ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kusamalira mosamala izi, kusintha kusintha komwe kungasokoneze ku zachilengedwe kapena zopanga zopanga zamagetsi zomwe zingawononge chizindikiro.

Pafupipafupi (VFF) Band

Pafupipafupi (RFF) Band, katatu mpaka 30 KHZ, ALIYENSE APA ATSOGOLO ACHINYAMATA, NDI ZINSINSI ZABWINO ZABWINO ZONSE ZABWINO.Pomwe bandwidth ilibe malire ndipo miyala imatalika, izi zimapangitsa kuti VFF imathandiza kwambiri m'minda yapadera.

Off amadutsa mwadzidzidzi amakhala olowera m'madzi ndi dothi, kuwapangitsa kuti azilankhulana ndi sitima zapamadzi ndikufufuza mapangidwe obisika.Panyanja, magetsi a Vff amayang'ana machitidwe a wailesi yayitali omwe amawongolera zombo ndi ndege zomwe zidapezeka.

Kugwiritsa ntchito Mbali ya RFOgwiritsa ntchito ayenera kusintha mosalekeza ndikusintha zida kuti athe kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zimatumizidwa ndi magwero ataliatali komanso andwidth pang'ono.Izi zimaphatikizaponso kuwongolera mphamvu yama signal kuti muwonetsetse kulowerera mwakuya ndi ma pafupipafupi kuti muchepetse kulowerera zachilengedwe ndi zojambulajambula.

Pafupipafupi (LF) gulu

Bungwe lotsika (LF), kuyambira 30 mpaka 300 KHZ, ndi mitundu yofunikira ya maaradi a zochitika zamiyambo.Imathandizira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo njira zoyendera, kutumiza kwa nthawi yolumikizirana mawotchi ophatikizika, ndipo motalika kwa mawomboro amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Europe ndi Asia.Kusiyana kwa Bati kumatsimikizira kufunika kwake kolumikizana ndi kufalitsa.

Maulendo a LF amakhala ofunika kwambiri kuti azitha kuyenda mtunda wautali kudzera pakuchepetsa mphamvu, kuwapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa mariitime ndi aeronautical.Kutalika kwakutali kumeneku kumapangitsanso maulendo oyenera kufalitsa madera akuluakulu osadalira pa satellite kapena zomangamanga.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mu Bag of LF kumafuna kusamalira magetsi ofalitsa ndi ma antetena.Ogwiritsa ntchito akuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti zizindikiro zimafalikira moyenera mtunda wautali ukutsatira malamulo apadziko lonse popewa kulowerera kwa malire.Kuwunika mosalekeza ndi kusintha kwa zida ndizowoneka bwino, monga momwe zinthu ziliri zochokera ku malo osokoneza bongo.

Pafupipafupi (mf) gulu

The Medium pafupipafupi (MF), chophimba 300 KHZ mpaka 3 Mhz, amadziwika kwambiri chifukwa chokhazikitsa gulu la sing'anga.Ngakhale njira yofananira iyi yatsika ndi matekinoloje a digito, omwe amapezeka kuti azilumikizana ndi zamagetsi komanso mawolo a Amateur, makamaka madera omwe amathandizidwa ndi zinthu zamakono.

Mphamvu yofunika kwambiri ya gulu la MF lili ndi kuthekera kwake kuchirikiza kulumikizana kwakutali, makamaka usiku.Munthawi imeneyi, zizindikiro zimatha kuyenda patali kudzera pa skywave extraction pa ionospte.Kutopa kumeneku ndikofunika makamaka m'madzi am'madzi, komwe kulumikizana kodalirika kumayang'ana chitetezo komanso kuyenda.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mu Bambo ya MF Kugwiritsa ntchito njira mosamala mosamala ndi njira yeniyeni yosinthira kuti apititse komanso kumveka bwino.Ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kuyang'aniridwa mosalekeza mikhalidwe ya mlengalenga, popeza izi zimakhudza kwambiri kufalitsa kufalikira.Kusintha magawo ogulitsa poyankha a Ionospheric ndi gawo lofunikira kupitiliza kulankhulana mogwira mtima.

Pafupipafupi (HF) gulu

Buku lalitali (HF), chophimba 3 mpaka 30 Mhz, amayang'ana kwambiri ailesi ataliatali, kugwiritsa ntchito ionophere kuti asunthe mbali yayikulu.Izi zimapangitsa kuti ban aft ikhale yosintha kwambiri yosintha ndi zochitika za dzuwa ndi mlengalenga mlengalenga v ariat.

Kulumikizana kwa HF ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kwapadziko lonse lapansi, monga ntchito zapadziko lonse lapansiNgakhale ndi kukwerera kwa ukadaulo wa satellite, zomwe zimafunikira madera omwe ali ndi mwayi wolumikizana ndi Satellite kapena pomwe maulalo olumikizirana samayang'ana kwambiri pakukakamizidwa.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito mkati mwa gulu la HF kumafuna kumvetsetsa mozama za a Iospherric.Ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kusintha maerelo ndi mphamvu yotumiza kuti azolowere kusunthira kwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi nyengo, ndikutsimikizira kulumikizana koyenera.Izi zimaphatikizapo kusintha zinthu zenizeni potengera kuwunikira kwa milengalenga kuti zikhale zomveka bwino komanso zokulitsa.

Pafupipafupi (vhf) gulu

Buku lalitali kwambiri (vhf), katatu mpaka 300 Mhz, limagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuyanjana kwa mzere, wokhala ndi zizindikiro zomwe zakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zisoti.Izi zimapangitsa kuti vhf ikhale yabwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira zodziwikiratu, mwachindunji monga FM ndi digito ya digito ndi digito ya pa TV, ndi mawombo wa amateur.

Bungwe la VHF limakondwera kwambiri chifukwa chokhoza kugwiritsira ntchito zodalirika, zozizwitsa zapamwamba ndi makanema pa madera akuluakulu osafunikira mapangidwe apamwamba omwe nthawi zambiri amafunira.Ndikufunikiranso gawo loteteza chitetezo cha anthu, kuphatikiza apolisi, moto, ndi chithandizo chamankhwala, komwe kulankhulana momveka bwino ndi kowonekera.

Kugwira ntchito ndi vhf Band kumafuna ogwiritsa ntchito kuti azitha kusamalira zida zowonjezera kuti athetse mphamvu yamaina ndikuchepetsa kusokoneza.Izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kuvomerezedwa molondola komanso kuyika kwa antennas kuti awonetsetse kulumikizana kwa mzere.Kusintha kwa makonda ndi kuyika kwa antenna kumafunikira nthawi zonse kuti musinthe zachilengedwe, monga nyengo zomwe zingasokoneze kufalitsa kufalikira.

Ultra frequency (UHF) gulu

The Ultra pafupipafupi (UHF) gulu la 300 mpaka 3,000 mhz, ndi lalikulu kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yolumikizirana yamakono chifukwa cha bandwidth yake yayitali.Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa TV ya TV, WI-Fi, komanso ma afupi-opanda zingwe.Kutha kwa UHF kutumizidwa kwa oyang'ana mzere kumapangitsa kuti chinthu chojambulidwa bwino m'mayendedwe opanda zingwe zamagetsi, makamaka pafoni yam'manja ndi intaneti ya zinthu (iot) ntchito.

Kuchuluka kwa gulu la UHF kumalola kufalitsa mwachangu kwa deta yambiri mtunda wautali, kumapangitsa kuti ndikofunika makamaka m'matauni a m'matauni pomwe kusamutsa kwa data fodya ndi kulumikizana kodalirika ndikofunikira kwambiri.Uwu uwu ndikofunikira kuti ikhale yovuta yazomwe zimafunikira zachilengedwe, pomwe zida zimayenera kulumikizana mwachangu komanso moyenera.

Ogwiritsa ntchito omwe amagwira ntchito ndi UHF akuyenera kuwerengera chidwi cha band ndi zotchinga zakuthupi komanso zomwe zingakhudze kumveka.Izi zimafuna kuyika mosamala ndikukonzanso ma antennas kuti athetse kubisa ndikuchepetsa kusokonekera, kufunikira mwaukadaulo waukadaulo komanso kusintha kwanu pafupipafupi.

Super Frequency (Shf) gulu

Wokhazikika kwambiri (shf) gulu la 3 GHZ mpaka 30 GHz, ndi gawo loyambira la ma microwave spectorm ndipo ndi mafoni am'madzi ndi mafoni opanda zingwe.Ma bandwidth ikuluikulu yomwe ili mu gululi imathandizira kufalikira mwachangu, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kusinthana kosatha kwa chidziwitso m'magawo a digito.

Bungwe la SHF limakhala loyenererana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti yothamanga kwambiri, ntchito zophatikiza, komanso kuphatikiza kwa njira zoyankhulirana zovuta m'malonda ndi makonda.Mitundu yake ya pafupipafupi ndi yabwino kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimafuna kusamutsa deta yofiyira patali, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamilandu ya satellite, pomwe amafunikira mapulogalamu apamwamba ngati HD.

Kugwiritsa ntchito Bandi ya Shf kumafuna kuwongolera mu Antenna kapangidwe kake ndi kukhazikitsidwa kuti muwonetsetse kuti ndi zowonekera ndi zowoneka bwino komanso kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa chizindikiro, komwe kumatchulidwa ku maulendo apamwambawa.Akatswiri ndi akatswiri opanga ayenera kuwunika nthawi zonse ndikusintha makonda kuti asakhale ndi umphumphu ndi kuchepetsa ungwiro, akuwonetsa kuti ma networks, akuwonetsa kuti ma networks amathandiza komanso mosasintha.

Pafupipafupi (ehf) gulu

Buku lalitali kwambiri (ehf), mpaka 30 mpaka 300 ndipo nthawi zambiri limadziwika kuti ndi gulu lalikulu la Mallimeter, lili ndi zovuta zazikulu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake.Mavutowa amaphatikizapo ntchito yotsimikizika yazinthu komanso kusamalira mosamala kuti mupewe kutaya ndi kuwonongeka komwe kumapezeka kawirikawiri pamagulu apamwamba.

Ngakhale atakumana ndi mavuto aukadaulo am'mbuyomu, ndipo matekinoloje antenna apanga gulu la EHF lomwe limapezeka kwambiri komanso lofunika polankhulana kwambiri.Mitundu iyi tsopano ikufunikira matekinoloje monga mafoni a 5g ma radior, ma raquerar pafupipafupi, komanso mfundo zapamwamba kwambiri.

Kugwira ntchito ndi gulu la EHF kumafunanso chidwi chofotokoza mwatsatanetsatane kapangidwe kake ndi kutumiza.

Pafupipafupi (THF) gulu

Buku laling'ono kwambiri (thf) kuchokera ku 300 GHz mpaka 1 thz, likuyimira kudula kwa ukadaulo wamakono wamakono, kukankha malire a semiconductoctor.Gululi limakhala ndi ma frequency apamwamba komanso maulendo afupipafupi, kupereka ziwonetsero zomwe zingachitike mu liwiro la deta yothamanga ndi bandwidth.

Kupita patsogolo mu ukadaulo wamatekinoloji ndikuyendetsedwa mwa kufufuza komwe kumapezeka m'mabuku ndi zida zomwe zimapanga moyenera, kufalitsa, ndikuwona zizindikiro za THF.Zowoneka ku Nanotechnology ndi zithunzi zili kutsogolo, kuphatikiza zizindikiro zogwirira ntchito zotere, kuphatikizapo kuzindikiritsa chizindikiro komanso kufunika kwa zovuta zazing'ono.

Kugwira ntchito ndi gulu la THF limafunikira zida zapadera kwambiri komanso njira zoyambira.Akatswiri ndi Akatswiri ayenera kukhala ndi kumvetsetsa kozama kwa machitidwe a elecsommabogneties poyendetsa ndi kusinthana zovuta ngati phokoso lotentha, lomwe limadziwika kwambiri ku Thz frequences.

Kutumiza makina okhazikika okhudzana ndi zovuta komanso kuyesa kuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikuluzikulu zimachitika mokwanira.Kusintha kwenikweni kwa nthawi yeniyeni ndi kusintha komwe kumafunikira kuti mukhalebe ovomerezeka ndi makina ndi magwiridwe antchito.Ntchitoyi imafuna katswiri wapamwamba kwambiri womwe umaphatikizira chidziwitso chazomwe ndimadziwana ndi manja olankhula pafupipafupi.

Chidule

Malo owoneka bwino a radio spectram amayambitsa nsalu zapadziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimakhudza chilichonse kuchokera ku malo osinthira a pamera kuti muchepetse maukonde.Kupenda mwatsatanetsatane kwa zigawo za pafupipafupi kuchokera ku Elf ku Thf kuwonetsa kutanthauzira kovuta kwaukadaulo, zovuta zogwira ntchito, komanso ntchito zamaluso.Katundu wina wa Bandi iliyonse amagwiritsa ntchito njira zake zothandizirana ndi ntchito zapadera zokhala ndi maimelo kapena othandizira othamanga-othamanga-othamanga-othamanga.Kuphatikiza apo, mafinya omwe akusinthasinthaTikamapita patsogolo, wailesi yailesi imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri polumikizirana mwaluso, osathandiza kuyika zochitika zamtsogolo koma pofotokoza za ntchito yotsatira ya chisinthiko.Chisinthiko chosinthira ichi, choyendetsedwa ndi zonse ziwiri komanso zatsopano, zimatsimikizira kuti wailesi imangokhala patsogolo pa ukadaulo, ndikusintha kukumana ndi zofuna zowonjezera za padziko lonse lapansi.