Zonunkhira: Mphamvu zoyambira, ntchito, ndi zabwino
2024-09-10 1484

Zonunkhira (pulogalamu yoyeserera ndi kutsindika kwa madera ena), yomwe idapangidwa ku Yunivesite ya California, kusinthitsa kapangidwe ka magetsi popangitsa kuyerekezera kutsutsana kwa masitepe a Analog mpaka pafupifupi 100 mhz.Chida ichi chimalola mainjiniya kulosera ndi kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zingachitike mu mapangidwe aboma kudzera m'mafanizo, kuchepetsa kufunika kwa zolimbitsa thupi ndikuchepetsa.Mwa kuwongolera mphamvu ndi kusintha kwa kapangidwe kake kotengera zotsatira zowoneka bwino, zonunkhira zimapangitsa kumvetsetsa kokwanira kwa mikhalidwe yomanga, kuyesetsa kuyesetsa kupanga.Udindo woyamba kwambiri pamakampani amagetsi amapangira zonunkhira bwino pakati pa mapangidwe azomwe amagwiritsa ntchito.

Kataloji

Chithunzi 1: Spice (njira yosinthira ndi kutsindika kwa dera) mwachidule

Kodi zonunkhira ndi chiyani?

Zonunkhira ndi chida chotseguka chotseguka chomwe chasintha kapangidwe kake.Kukhazikitsidwa ku Yunivesite ya California, matenda a Berkeley, zonunkhira zimayang'ana kwambiri mabwalo a Analog, kulola mainjiniya kuti azilinganizi ndi kusanthula madera amakhalidwe.Ndizothandiza kwambiri madera omwe ali ndi DC kupita ku mafayilo autali a DC mobwerezabwereza, kuthana ndi chilichonse kuchokera ku mapangidwe ovuta, mpaka 100 Mhz.

Chisinthiko cha zonunkhira

Spice, adayamba ku Yunivesite ya California, Berkeley mu 1973, wachotsedwa kuyambira masiku ake akale, amakhala abwino kwambiri.Poyamba adalembedwa ku Fortran, chilankhulo chodziwika bwino chifukwa cha mphamvu zake pazasayansi, zonunkhira zidapangidwa kuti zizigwira ntchito ndi makompyuta ambiri a nthawi, yomwe idagwira ntchito zosinthana ndi data.Monga maganizidwe amitundu yopita patsogolo, zonunkhira zimasinthidwa.Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu kwambiri zinali kutulutsidwa kwa Spice2G.6, kuyambiranso chilankhulo cha C pogwiritsa ntchito kuthamanga mwachangu komanso kuchithandizira bwino.

Kusintha kumeneku kudachitikanso kuposa kungosintha kovuta - kumawonetsa kukula msanga m'maselo ogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi kusintha kwaukadaulo.Kwa zaka zambiri, mtundu wina watsopano wa zonunkhira zakulitsa kuthekera kwake, kukonza zonse ndi mawonekedwe ake.Zosinthazi zapanga zonunkhira bwino kwambiri, zomwe zimalilola kuthana ndi mafashoni ambiri ozungulira ndikupanga chida cha opanga m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zonunkhira poyeserera ndi njira yolumikizira komanso yothandiza.Akatswiri amakonzanso mapangidwe awo opangidwa ndi mayankho kuchokera pazotsatira zomwe zimayambitsa.Manja a manja awa amawalola kuti asinthe zigawo ndi magawo munthawi yeniyeni, asanasamuke.Kusanthula kotereku sikuthandizira kutsekereza mapangidwe komanso kumawonjezera kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake madera akudera amafunika kuchita m'njira zina.Kuzindikira kumeneku ndi kofunikira pakukankhira malire a kapangidwe kake ndi chidziwitso.

Zojambula za Spice

Spice ili ndi gawo lalikulu mu kapangidwe kake pothandizira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kusanthula kwadera, kuphatikiza ma acs ac, osawunikira DC, ndi kusanthula kwapang'onopang'ono.Njira izi zimathandizira opanga mainjiniya kuwunika momwe mabwalo amagwirira ntchito mosiyanasiyana.Pogwiritsa ntchito malamulo a Kirchhoff ndikugwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwa Nodil, zonunkhira zimaphatikizira mitundu yazomwezo ndi data yoyesera, kulola kuyerekezera kolondola.Akatswiri amatha kutsanzira zigawo zingapo, kuchokera ku zinthu zoyambira monga zotsutsana, capoctors, ndi zida zowoneka bwino monga malo okhalamo, omasulira, komanso magwero otsogola.

Pochita, Epice amasintha njira yopangira pokonzekera poyeserera ndikusintha.Akatswiri amapanga zonunkhira ndikusintha momwe madera amayendera amakhala mosiyanasiyana, amasintha zigawo ndi makonzedwe malinga ndi zotsatira zake.Kutha kwa mayeso mwachangu ndi ma cenduak mu malo owoneka bwino kumachepetsa kufunika kwa ma pulonuspes akuthupi, kuthamanga kumatha kukonza posintha.Kupezeka kwa zonunkhira pakompyuta yanu, makamaka kudzera pazida monga pspice®, zapangitsa kuti zikhale ndi zamphamvu izi, zimapangitsa zonunkhira m'mayendedwe amagetsi amagetsi.

Chithunzi 2: Zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakompyuta zamagetsi

Chida Cholingana ndi Zonunkhira

Zonunkhira ndizofunikira kwambiri pakupanga zitsanzo mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zimayatsa chikhalidwe cha dziko lapansi.Mitunduyi imamangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kumvetsetsa kwa chiphunzitso komanso chidziwitso chambiri, kuonetsetsa kuti zifaniziro zimawonetsa bwino momwe amagwirira ntchito.Zonunkhira zimathandizira njira zingapo zomwe zimasanthula, kuphatikizapo kusanthula kwapang'onopang'ono, kusanthula kwa DC, kuwunika kocheperako, komanso kusanthula kwa phokoso.Njira iliyonse imapereka mwayi kwapadera momwe madera amagwiritsira ntchito, mainjiniya othandizira amazindikira zovuta zomwe zingachitike ndikukonzanso mapangidwe awo asanasasunthe.

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito zonunkhira ndizothandiza kwambiri komanso moyenera.Akatswiri amayesa mapangidwe awo opanga mafashoni ndikugwiritsa ntchito mayankho kuti ayeretse mitundu ndi kukonza magwiridwe antchito.Manja a manja awa amalola akatswiri opanga momwe gawo lililonse limathandizira kapangidwe kake, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kuzungulira kwa masinja kumakonzedwa kuti zikhale magwiridwe antchito komanso kudalirika.Zosangalatsa za Spice zatsatanetsatane sizingothandiza posankha ma board and ma pcbs komanso amalola kutsimikizika kwadongosolo.Njira zokwanirazi zimawonjezera kudalirika komanso kuchita bwino kwa chinthu chomaliza.

Kukulitsa zopindika zambiri zamagetsi

Zonunkhira sizilinso chida chokha cha madera amagetsi;Kutalika kwake kwachulukitsa ku mitundu yamagetsi yopanda magetsi monga matenthedwe ndi ma elekitikiti a election.Izi zimatheka ndikujambula analogies pakati pa zigawo zamagetsi komanso zosakhala zamagetsi.Mwachitsanzo, machitidwe oterera amatha kupangidwa zonunkhira poyerekeza kutentha kwa magetsi.Ndi analogies awa, zonunkhira zimathandizira mainjiniya azinthu zamagetsi m'magulu a zida, kupereka chidziwitso chofunikira mu kasamalidwe ka kutentha ndi mphamvu yozizira.Izi ndizothandiza kwambiri mukamachita zinthu zodzaza ndi zamagetsi zamagetsi, pomwe kukhazikika kotentha kumagwira ntchito molimbika.

Zonunkhira zimatha kusinthanso ma sydermanchigicanctions potembenuza zinthu zamakina, monga omwe ali m'magalimoto oyendetsa, m'magetsi ofanana.Izi zimathandizira akatswiri amasudzo kuti afufuze zonse zamagetsi komanso zamakina mkati mwa chimanga chimodzi, cholumikizira.Posintha magawo ndi mafashoni, mainjiniya amatha kuyeretsa ma drive ndi machitidwe ofanana, kupeza zinthu zokwanira za momwe magawo amagetsi amalumikizirana.

Chithunzi 3: Spice Simor Cernet

Kupitilira m'manda ndi electromanction, kusinthasintha kwa zonunkhira kumatalika ngati minda yozungulira ya electromagnetic ndi microfludics.Mu electromactromic mtundu, zonunkhira zimazimitsa momwe minda yamagetsi ndi yamagetsi imalumikizirana ndi zigawo, othandizira amapanga zida zokwanira komanso zolimba.Mu microfluidics, zonunkhira zimagwiritsa ntchito ma analogical magetsi kuti alosere Mphamvu yamadzi yaying'ono, monga omwe amapezeka mu zida za lab-pa-chip.Pochita zinthu zamadzimadzi mosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana, mainjiniya amatha kuyesetsa kuchita izi kuti azichita bwino.

Mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana awa amagogomezera zosintha zosintha za Spice zomwe zimapitilira zamagetsi zamagetsi.Kaya amasinthana ndi magetsi, makina opanga, njira zamagetsi, kapena mphamvu zamadzimadzi, zonunkhira zimapereka mapulani omwe ali ndi zovuta zambiri, zimapangitsa phindu lake kukhala minda yambiri ya uinjiniya.

Ubwino ndi Zofooka za Spice

Zonunkhira zimawonedwa bwino kwambiri m'maphunziro ndi akatswiri a kuthekera kwake mwamphamvu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mtengo wake, kupangitsa kuti kukhala chida chamakampani opanga madera.Ntchito zake zofala kwambiri pamagetsi zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi zimawunikira kufunikira kwake pophunzitsa akatswiri akutsogolo.Kudzera mu masewera olimbitsa thupi, ophunzira ndi akatswiri amamvetsetsa momwe mabwalo amakhalira, kusintha luso lawo lothetsera mavuto komanso kudziwa luso.

Ngakhale kununkhira kumapereka kusinthasintha kwakukulu komanso kuya kwa kuwunika kwadera, zovuta za mafani zimatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi magawo a madera ndi masinthidwe.Mapangidwe ambiri ovuta kapena osagwirizana angafunike kudziwa zambiri ndipo amatha kukhala ndi nthawi yolingalira.Akatswiri amapanga nyimbo zolimbana ndi zonunkhira za zonunkhira, pokhazikitsa zofunikira zoyambirira kutanthauzira mwatsatanetsatane, zomwe zingaphatikizire kupindika.

Ngakhale pali zovuta izi, zabwino za zonunkhira ndizofanana.Zimapereka nsanja yokhazikika ya akatswiri amayeso kuti akayesetse ndikuyeretsa mapangidwe a elekitikisi osafunikira popanda kufunikira kwa ma prototypes akuthupi.Kusakhazikika kumeneku sikungowonjezera njira yotukuka komanso kumachepetsa mtengo pochepetsa chiopsezo cha zolakwika pakupanga ndikupewa masinthidwe ambiri.Kutha kuthetsa mavuto ndikumatha kukhapangidwe masitepe malo okhala ndi kofunikira kwambiri, ndikupanga zonunkhira bwino kwa opanga ma injiniya ndi ofufuza padziko lonse lapansi.Udindo wake pakupumira magetsi amayendetsa bwino zatsopano komanso kuchita bwino.

Mapeto

Zonunkhira ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuphunzira komanso luso la akatswiri, kupereka maluso ofatsa omwe amakulitsa kapangidwe kake ndi kudalirika kwa mabwalo amagetsi.Ngakhale anali wovuta komanso wophunzirira zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito, maubwino a zonunkhira, kuphatikizapo kuchepa kwa mapangidwe a chitukuko cha chitukuko cha chitukuko.Komanso, kusinthasintha kwa zonunkhira kumafikira kwa kachitidwe komwe si magetsi, kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kulanga kosiyanasiyana kosiyanasiyana.Monga njira yofananira, zonunkhira zimayendetsa bwino zinthu komanso kugwira ntchito, kupatsa mphamvu akatswiri opanga mainjiniya muukadaulo.