Chitsogozo Chotsutsa
2024-04-18 11790

Otsutsa, omwe anthu ambiri amadziwika kuti "r," ndi zinthu zina, "ndizachilengedwe makamaka amalepheretsa kutuluka kwa mapano mu ofesi ya nthambi yotchinga, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi ziwalo ziwiri.Nkhaniyi idzaza mitundu yotsutsana, zizindikiro, ndi njira zoyimira zozizwitsa kuti mumvetsetse bwino za ichi.Tiyeni tiyambe!

M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, anthu otsutsana amangotchedwa kukana.Zidazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kuyenda kwaposachedwa munthambi yoyang'anira, ndipo zimabwera ndi mtengo wokhazikika ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala madera awiri.Okhazikika okhazikika ali ndi mtengo wovuta wokhazikika, pomwe a Potintiamer kapena osuntha amatha kusintha.Zoyenera, ogwirizana ndi mzere, kutanthauza kuti nthawi yomweyo kudzera mwamphamvu kudzera mu magetsi onse ndi magetsi pomwepo.Zosiyanasiyana anthu ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogawa magetsi, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kusintha kuthetsa mgwirizano ndi kusunthira limodzi kapena awiri osunthika m'gulu loipa.

Otsutsa amasintha mphamvu zamagetsi mu kutentha mphamvu, kuwonetsa mawonekedwe awo oletsa mphamvu, pomwe amasewera maudindo m'mabwalo a magetsi komanso kugawa pakadali pano.Kaya a AC kapena DC, otsutsana amatha kufalitsa izi moyenera.Chizindikiro chotsutsana ndi "r," ndipo gawo lake ndi mawu ake.Kuphatikiza apo, kukula kwa kukana kumayendetsedwa ndi zinthuzo, kutalika, kutentha, komanso malo ake.Kukongoletsa kutentha kumatsimikizira momwe mtengo wokakamizira umasinthira ndi kutentha, komwe kumafotokozedwa ngati kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa Degree Celsius Celsius Celsius Celsius.

Kutsutsana kumasiyana chifukwa cha zinthu zawo, zomanga, ndi ntchito, ndipo zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu ingapo.Okhazikika okhazikika ali ndi mtengo wokhazikika womwe sungasinthidwe, kuphatikiza carbo fifin, kanema wazitsulo zoletsa, ndipo bala-bala.

Carbon filimu yotsutsana ndi kaboni imapangidwa poika mpweya wosanjikiza ndi ndodo yotentha kwambiri yosinthasintha, kusintha mtengo wokhazikika posintha kukula kwa mpweya, kapena kudula ma podukizira.Izi zogwirizana zimapereka mfundo zokhazikika, mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri apamwamba kwambiri, komanso makona otsika-kutentha.Ndiwotsika mtengo pakati pa makompyuta otsika otsika ndi ma races okhazikika kuchokera 1 / 8W mpaka 2w, oyenera madera ali m'munsi 70 ° C.

Makanema achitsulo, opangidwa kuchokera ku Neckel-cromium-cromiams, amadziwika ndi ma coeffices awo otsika, kukhazikika kwambiri, komanso kukhazikika, ndikuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi 125 ° C.Amatulutsa phokoso lotsika ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito poizoni pofuna kugwiritsa ntchito molondola komanso kukhazikika, monga zida zolankhula ndi zida zachipatala.

Ma waya ophatikizidwa ndi waya wazitsulo wazitsulo kuzungulira pakati ndipo amakhala oyenera kuwongolera kwambiri komanso kukhazikika kwawo, yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zapamwamba.

Zosiyana ndi zotsutsana, zomwe zimatsutsana ndi anthu amatha kusinthidwa pamanja kapena zokha, kuphatikizapo zozungulira, slider, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa voliyumu komanso kusintha magawo ozungulira.

Kuletsa mwapadera, monga mitundu yowoneka bwino kapena yam'madzi, perekani magwiridwe antchito kuti amve kusintha kwa chilengedwe kapena kuteteza madera.

Kusiyana kosiyanasiyana kumeneku kumapangitsa banja losiyanasiyana, kulonga zosowa zosiyanasiyana zaukadaulo ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito.

Kutsutsa (kukana) kumadziwika ndi kalata r, ndi unit ohm (ohm, ω), 1ω ndi ofanana 1 volt).Kukula kwa kukana kumawonetsa kuchuluka komwe wopondera kumapangitsa magetsi pamakono, ndi lamulo la ohm i = U / r, kuwonetsa kuti magetsi ndi ntchito yamagetsi.

Kutsutsa mayunitsi kumaphatikizapo kiloohms (kω) ndi megaohms (mcega), ndi 1Mohms (1) ndi ma prooohms 1,000, motsatana.

Mu zojambula zozungulira, zolimbana zimayimiriridwa ndi chizindikiro "R" chotsatiridwa ndi nambala yosonyeza kukana kwa zinthu mosagwirizana.Mwachitsanzo, R10 ikuwonetsa 10 OROR.Kulekerera nthawi zambiri kumafotokozedwa ngati maperesenti, monga ± 1%, ± 5%, etc., kuwonetsa kupatuka kwakukulu mu mtengo wokana.

Mitundu yotsutsana imathanso kuphatikiza zizindikiritso pazolinga ndi ukadaulo, zimathandizira kusankha koyenera kwa anthu oyenera.Gome ili pansipa limalemba zizindikiro ndi matanthawuzo omwe amagwirizana ndi mitundu yolimba ndi zida, kuthandiza kumveketsa bwino kumvetsetsa kwathu kupewa.

Makhalidwe oyamba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosagwirizana amaphatikizapo kukhazikika kwambiri, kulondola, ndi mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu.Kukhazikika kumatanthawuza kuthekera kosagwirizana ndi mtengo wotsutsana motsutsana ndi zochitika zenizeni, zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zakuthupi zotsutsana ndi ukadaulo.Kuwongolera kumawonetsa kupatuka kwa mtengo wokhazikika kuchokera pamtengo wake wokhazikika, wokhala ndi zofananira ndi 1%, 5%, ndi 10%, owonjezera osokoneza bongo amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo olondola.

Mphamvu yoyendetsa mphamvu ikuwonetsa mphamvu yayikulu yomwe ingasamalire, pogwiritsa ntchito miyezo monga 1 / 4w, 1 / 2w, etc.

Kuphatikiza apo, chikhalidwe cha chotsimikizika cha chotsimikizika chimalongosola momwe mtengo wokakamira umasinthira ndi mawonekedwe a siginecha, chomwe chimakhala chofunikira kwambiri pamadera ozungulira.Makhalidwe abwino pafupipafupi amatanthauza kuti wotsutsayo amatha kusungitsa magwiridwe osiyanasiyana.

Monga momwe tikuwonera, ogwiritsa ntchito wamba amadziwika ndi kukhazikika kwambiri, kulondola kwambiri, mphamvu zamphamvu zogwirizira ntchito, komanso mawonekedwe abwino pafupipafupi.Izi zimapangidwa wamba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabwalo osiyanasiyana amagetsi, omwe amatha kukwaniritsa zofuna zosiyanasiyana za madera amenewo.

Okhazikika okhazikika nthawi zambiri amaimiridwa mu zojambula za kwozungulira ndi chizindikiro chosavuta chamakono, monga tikuwonetsera pansipa:

Mizere yochokera ku malekezero onse a chizindikiroyi imayimira zikhomo zolumikizira.Zithunzi zofunikirazi zimalepheretsa chiwonetsero cha pakamwa pokana, kuchititsa kuti kuwerenga ndi kumvetsetsa ma diagram.

Zosintha zosinthika za kapangidwe ka madera zikuwonetsedwa ndikuwonjezera muvi ku chizindikiro chotsimikizika chotanthauza kuti kukana kwawo kumatha kusintha, monga akuwonetsera mu chizindikiritso chotsatira chosinthika:

Chizindikiro ichi chimasiyanitsa pansi pa zikhomo ziwiri zokhazikika ndi pini imodzi yosunthika (WIPER), kutanthauza "RP" yosiyanitsa.Chitsanzo cha chizindikiro chosinthika chosinthika, chomwe chikuwonetsera malinga ndi kugwirizanitsa kwa maderawosinthani mtengo wotsutsa.

Chizindikiro china chomwe chawonetsedwa pansipa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga pontertiometer, pomwe osinthika omwe ali ndi zikhomo zitatu zodziyimira pawokha, zomwe zikuwonetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolumikizirana ndi ntchito:

Pregser ndi mtundu wapadera wa mtundu wosinthika wopangidwa polemba zinthu zina zotsutsana.Izi zotsutsana ndizosinthidwa ndi screwdriver, ndizothandiza, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito zamagetsi kuti muchepetse ndalama komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino chuma.

Preseser sinangosintha madera ogwiritsira ntchito madera komanso moyenera kwambiri magawo omwe ali ndi zigawo zambiri, monga capoctors ndi DC.Amachita izi pochepetsa mafunde akulu omwe amatha kuchitika pamagetsi, kupewa kwambiri zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwapamwamba ndi kulephera kwapadera.Chizindikiro cha cholembera choyambirira chikuwonetsedwa pansipa:

Pomanga a Potintimeters, chinthu chomwe chimakhala chothetsa nthawi zambiri chimadziwika, komanso chokhala ndi machesi awiri kapena awiri osunthika.Malingaliro awa pazinthu zomwe zili pazinthu zomwe zingagonjetsedwe ndi kuthetsa vuto lina kwa chinthucho, motero kumakhudza magetsi otulutsa.Kutengera ndi zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito, ma instintiters amatha kugawidwa m'balaza wa waya, filimu ya kaboni, komanso mitundu yolimba.Kuphatikiza apo, pontintimeters amatha kutchulidwa m'mitundu ya mzere ndi Locarithmic malinga ndi ubale womwe unali pakati pa zotulutsa ndi magetsi olowera ndi ngodya za kuzungulira;Mitundu ya mzere imasinthiratu magetsi ozungulira ndi ngolo yosinthira, pomwe mtundu wa Locarithmic amasintha mphamvu yamagetsi yotulutsa.

Magawo ofunikira amapezeka ngati mtengo wokaniza kukana, kulolerana, ndi mphamvu yovotera.Chizindikiro chodziwika kuti ndi "rp", komwe "r" kumayimilira kukana ndi zokwanira "p" kumawonetsa kusintha kwake.Sigwiritsidwa ntchito kokha monga agalu opatsirana komanso chifukwa chosintha mphamvu ya laser.Posintha makina oyenda kapena kuzungulira, mphamvu ya magetsi pakati pa olumikiza ndi okhazikika imatha kusinthidwa malinga ndi udindo, kupanga pontiometers kuti musinthe magetsi pakuzungulira.

Mawowo amabwera m'mitundu iwiri: Kutentha kwabwinobwino (PTC) ndi kutentha kwapateteke (NTC).Zipangizo za PTC zimakhala ndi kukana kochepa pa kutentha kochepa (ma ohms ochepa kwa ma ohms angapo) koma kumatha kuwuka kwambiri kwa mazana kapena masauzande a ohms pakapita masekondi, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga matope, divernation,ndi masitepe osokoneza bongo.Zowonjezera, Ntc zida zikuwonetsa kukana kwakukulu pa kutentha kokhazikika (masentimita angapo kwa masauzande ambiri) ndikuchepetsa kwa matenthedwe owiritsa kapena kumapangitsa kuti azikhala oyenera kutentha kapena madera owongolera, kutentha pakompyutamonga zowongolera mpweya ndi firiji).

Kutsutsa kwa avooressers ndikwachimodzi ndi kuwala kwa kuunika.Nthawi zambiri, kukana kwawo kumatha kukhala okwera kwambiri ma kilomita mumdima, ndikugwetsa kwa mazana angapo ku ohms pansi pamagetsi.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'malo osinthika, kuwerengera zigawo, komanso njira zosiyanasiyana zokha.

Mitundu yama voliyumu yomwe imagwirizanitsidwa ndi magetsi omwe amateteza magetsi kwambiri m'mabwalo, kuphatikiza magetsi, ndikumayatsa ndalama zochulukirapo kuteteza zigawo zikuluzikulu.Izi zimapangidwa ndi zigawo za semiconductor ngati zinc oxide (ZNO), ndi malingaliro omwe amasiyana ndi magetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magetsi ambiri.

Chinyezi-botive-topt amagwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a hygroscopic zida (monga mafilimu chloride kapena mafilimu okhazikika), polimbana ndi chinyezi cha chinyezi.Izi zotetezazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mafakitale kuwunika ndi chinyezi cha chilengedwe.

Mafuta owoneka bwino otembenuka ndi magesi omwe amasinthidwa ndi magetsi amagetsi, makamaka amapangidwa ndi zitsulo za oxide oxmaidictors omwe amasinthana magesi ena.Zipangizozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma alamu owunikira ndi chitetezo kuti awone kuzunzidwa kwa mpweya woipa ndi zodetsa.

Magneto amaletsa kukana kwawo poyankha v ariat ma ions mu mphamvu yakunja, mawonekedwe omwe amadziwika kuti maginito amphamvu.Zidazi zimapereka mayankho oyenera kwambiri pakuyezera mphamvu yamagetsi ndi kuwongolera, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poimitsa zida zokwanira.

Njira zomwe zimachitika pamakina otsutsa omwe amatsutsana kwambiri ndi mitundu inayi: chizindikiro chowongolera, chizindikiro cholowera, chizindikiro cha digito, ndi malo osungirako utoto, iliyonse ili ndi zosowa zake.

Njirayi imaphatikizapo zosindikizira mwachindunji ndi zizindikiro za unit (monga ω) pazinthu zotsutsana, mwachitsanzo, "220ω" zikuwonetsa kukana kwa 220 ohms.Ngati palibe kulekerera zomwe zafotokozedwa pazotsutsa, kulekanitsa kwa ± 20% kumaganiziridwa.Kulekerera nthawi zambiri kumayimiridwa mwachindunji monga kuchuluka kwake, kulola kuti zizindikiridwe mwachangu.

Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza kwa manambala a Chiarabu ndi zilembo zapadera kuti muwonetsetse mfundo ndi zolakwika.Mwachitsanzo, kumverera "105k" komwe "kumatanthauza kufunika kotsutsa, ndi" k "kumayimira kulolera kwa ma ± 10%.Munjira iyi, gawo limodzi la manambala likuwonetsa mtengo wokana, ndipo gawo lanthawi lija limagawika manambala awiri oyimilira, ndi zizindikilo za Dmonga ± 0,5%, ± 1%, etc.

Otsutsa amadziwika kuti amagwiritsa ntchito nambala ya manambala atatu, pomwe manambala awiri oyamba akuimira manambala ofunikira, ndipo nambala yachitatu ikuyimira gawo (nambala ya Zeros akutsatira), ndi gawo lomwe limaganiziridwa kuti ndi ma ohms.Mwachitsanzo, nambala "473" imatanthawuza 47 × 10 ^ 3ω kapena 47kω.Kulekerera kumawonedwa ndi zilembo zolembedwa ngati j (± 5%), ndi k (± 10%).

Otsutsa amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabandi kapena madontho kuti ayimire zolakwika ndi kulolera.Ma Chovala wamba amaphatikizira zakuda (0), bulauni (1), ofiira (2), Chikasu (5), Grown (8), oyera., ndi gulu lomaliza lomwe limalekerera;Mu katswiri wambiri, magulu atatu oyamba akuwonetsa ziwerengero zazikulu, gulu lachinayi mphamvu ya khumi, ndipo gulu lachisanu likuwonetsa kulekerera, ndi malire ofunikira pakati pa achisanu ndi magulu ena onse.

Kuchokera ku zosemphana ndi zotsutsana kuti zisasungeni, komanso kwapadera, mtundu uliwonse wa kukana kuli ndi zinthu zina zapadera ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito.Pafupifupi, kusiyanasiyana kwa kukana ndi mfundo zaukadaulo kumbuyo kwawo sikungowonetsa kuya kwakuzama ndi kufalikira kwa ukadaulo wa zamagetsi komanso kuwonetsa kupita patsogolo kwa zamagetsi.Kumvetsetsa mitundu, mawonekedwe, ndi magwiritsidwe a anthu ogwirizana ndi ofunikira kwambiri komanso ofunikira kwa opanga madera opanga madera.

Ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena mukufuna zambiri, chonde titumizireni.

Mwambiri, anthu otsutsana nthawi zambiri amaimiridwa ndi zizindikilo monga R, RN, RF, ndi FS.Mu madera, chizindikiro cha munthu wokhazikika komanso wotsutsa ndi R, ndi chizindikiro cha mphamvu yamphamvu.

Chizindikiro cha 1 kilohm (1kω) chotsutsa chimakhala choyimira ngati "1k" kapena "1kω".Kalatayo "k" imatanthawuza gawo la SI Cerfix "la kilo," yomwe ikuyimira zochulukitsa za 1,000.Chifukwa chake, "1kω" imayimira choletsa ndi mtengo wotsutsana wa 1,000 mahms.

Wotsutsa ndi gawo lamagetsi la magetsi omwe amayambitsa magetsi oletsa monga gawo la dera.M'mabwalo amagetsi, oletsa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa kutuluka kwamakono, sinthani magawo azizindikiro, kugawanitsa ma volpiges, kuthira mizere, pakati pa ntchito zina.