Kusinthasintha kwatsatanetsatane kulongosola
2024-09-03 3458

Kusintha kwa pafupipafupi (FM) ndi ukadaulo womwe wasintha mawonekedwe a kuyankhulana kwa wayilesi, kupereka chidziwitso chosayerekezeka ndikulimbana ndi kusokonekera.Kuchokera pakulekanitsa kwawo koyambirira pobwera pofalitsa gawo lalikulu polankhulana amakono, FM yasanduka mwala wapangodya momwe timaperekera ndikulandira chidziwitso.Nkhaniyi imakhudzanso kusinthasinthasintha kwa pafupipafupi, ndikufufuza mfundo zake, kugwiritsa ntchito, komanso kupita patsogolo kwa njirayi yomwe ikupitiliza kukonza njirayi yolumikizirana.Kaya mulinso odalitsira kapena kudalirika kwadzidzidzi kapena kufotokozera kwadzidzidzi, zomwe zimakuthandizani sizimangokhala zikupereka zizindikiro mosasinthasintha pamadera osiyanasiyana.

Kataloji

Chithunzi 1: Zosintha pafupipafupi ndi FM wailesi

Kodi kusintha kwa pafupipafupi ndi kotani (FM)?

Kusintha kwa pafupipafupi (FM) ndi njira yolumikizirana pakati payionera, pomwe pafupipafupi kutentha kumasinthidwa molingana ndi chizindikiro cha chizindikiro cha chizindikirocho, chomwe chingakhale disic kapena data.Izi zimapangitsa ubale wapakati pakati pa matalikidwe a chizindikiro chosinthika ndi kusintha kwa pafupipafupi.Kusintha kumeneku, kumatchedwa kupatuka, kumayesedwa mu kilohertz (KHZ).Mwachitsanzo, kupatuka kwa ± 3 KHz kumatanthauza kunyamula pafupipafupi kumasuntha 3 KHz pamwambapa ndi pansi pa gawo lake, ndikulemba zomwe zikuchitika mkati mwake.Kuzindikira kupatuka ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito moyenera FM, makamaka mu pafupipafupi (vhf) radiating, pomwe ma frequencies amachokera ku 88,5 mpaka 108 Mhz.Apa, zopatuka zazikulu, monga ± 75 KHz, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mtima (WBFM).Njirayi ndikupatsirana madio apamwamba kwambiri, omwe amafunikira bandwidth yayitali, pafupifupi 200 KHZ pa njira.M'madera okhala m'matauni ambiri, kuyang'anira bandwidth iyi kumafunikira kuti musasokonezedwe pakati pa njira.

Mosiyana ndi izi, barrow-band fm (nbfm) imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati bandwidth imakhala yochepa, monga mu wayilesi yam'manja.NBFM imagwira ntchito ndi kupatuka kocheperako, kuzungulira ± 3 KHz, ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito mkati mwa ma bandwidth a bandwids, nthawi zina ngati 10 KHZ.Njira imeneyi ndiyabwino pamene cholinga chake ndichoyankhulana komanso kulankhulana kodalirika m'malo mopanda kukhulupirika kwambiri.Mwachitsanzo, pokhazikitsa malamulo kapena ntchito zadzidzidzi, Nbfm zimayambitsa kukhazikika, ngakhale m'matawuni omwe ali ndi zotchinga zambiri ngati nyumba ndi zimbudzi.Ndembiri yocheperako imathandizanso njira zambiri kuti azikhala ocheperako mkati mwa magawo ocheperako, amafunikira kuwongolera kwamayendedwe ka njira ndikugwiritsa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito kolumikizana.

Njira Zosasinthika Kwambiri

Chithunzi 2: Kuwononga pafupipafupi

Kusandulika pafupipafupi kumayambitsa mu wayilesi, kuonetsetsa kuti chizindikiro choyambirira chimatengedwa molondola chifukwa cha omwe amanyamula pafupipafupi.Njirayi imasinthira pafupipafupi v ya chizindikiro cholowera m'matumbo ofanana v ariat, ngakhale kuwunika chizindikiro, kaya audio kapena deta, kuti adziwe.Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pantchitoyi, monga FM Demonulators, akatswiri, kapena kusala, amapangidwa kuti asinthane m'matumbo osiyanasiyana pomwe amasunga kukhulupirika.Kusankha kwa demodalator kumadalira pakufunika kuwongolera, bandwidth mwaluso, komanso malo ogwirira ntchito.Mwaukadaulo, kuwonongeka kumayamba pomwe chizindikirocho chimalandiridwa ndi antenna komanso kudzipatula ku phokoso lozungulira kapena chizindikiro chapafupi pogwiritsa ntchito tuner.Izi zimafunikira chifukwa phokoso lotsalali limatha kunyoza kulondola.Chizindikiro chodzipatula kenako chimadutsa mu demodator, pomwe ma ion amasuliridwa mu voltage v Ainary mogwirizana ndi matalikidwe oyambira.

Pakulankhulirana kwa data, pomwe zolakwika zazing'ono zimatha kuyambitsa kutaya deta kapena ziphuphu, pamtengowo ndizapamwamba.Chizindikiro chofatsa nthawi zambiri chimadya mawonekedwe a digito, pomwe amakonzedwa ndi Microcorserler kapena makompyuta.Malo omwe amafunikira kukhulupirika kwambiri, monga zochitika zachuma kapena kuyendetsa ndege zamagalimoto, zimadalira ma demonulators omwe amatha kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi zosintha.Makina owonekera owonekera ndi njira zenizeni nthawi zambiri amalemba ntchito kuti azindikire ndikuwongolera zomwe zingatheke nthawi yomweyo, ndikupanga ukadaulo wamphamvu nthawi yomweyo ndikuonetsetsa kufalikira kwa deta.

Fm madilators

Kupanga ma pafupipafupi - osinthika (FM) kumaphatikizapo njira zosiyanasiyana, iliyonse imagwirizana ndi zosowa zina.Kusankha njira yotha kusintha kusintha kumakhudzanso magwiridwe antchito ndi kudalirika kwa njira zolankhulirana.

Varactor DID Oscillator:

Chithunzi 3: Vacrocar DiDide Oscillator yopanga zizindikiro za FM

Njira yodziwika bwino yopanga zikwangwani za FM ndikugwiritsa ntchito varactor dimade mkati mwa oscillator.Mphamvu ya Varactor DIOD imasintha ndi voliyumu yoyikidwa, kusintha mwachindunji pafupipafupi kwa oscillator.Njirayi ndiyothandiza pakupanga ndalama zopapatiza - band fm (nbfm).Ndibwino kuti muoneke zida zoyankhulirana komwe malo ndi mphamvu ndizochepa.Komabe, kuphweka kumeneku kuli ndi malonda ogulitsa, kuphatikizapo kukhazikika pang'ono.Chifukwa chake, izi ndizoyenera kwenikweni ntchito zomwe zimafuna kukhulupirika kwambiri kapena kuchuluka-band fm (wbfm).

Zotsekedwa zotsekedwa:

Chithunzi 4: Gawo lotsekedwa

Pazogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimafunikira kutengera molondola, zotsekedwa zotsekedwa (ma Plls) nthawi zambiri zimakondedwa.Pls imapereka ulamuliro wolondola wolondola, kuwapanga kukhala abwino kwa malo omwe kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro kumafunikira.Pls amatseka pafupipafupi ku chizindikiritso choyikapo, onetsetsani kuti mwakhazikika pa nthawi, yabwino kwambiri yokhazikika pomwe ngakhale zopatulikitsa zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala zomveka bwino.Khalastotors yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zidole zomwe zimafunikira kutsatira mosamalitsa miyezo yapa pafupipafupi, monga njira zofananira kapena njira zowongolera magalimoto.Komabe, kukhazikitsa ma PLS kumabweretsa zovuta.Magawo a Pll Loop iyenera kumayendetsedwa mosamala kuti awonetsetse bwino.Mwachitsanzo, bandwidth ya Loop iyenera kukhala yokwanira kutsatira ion ionry molondola koma yopapatiza kuti isewere phokoso komanso maulendo osafunikira.Kukwaniritsa bwino nthawi zambiri kumafuna kukoka ndi kuyezetsa, ndi ogwiritsa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera kuti muyenere ndi kusintha magawo a loop munthawi yeniyeni.

Zabwino ndi zovuta

FM Ubwino wa FM

Kusintha kwa pafupipafupi (FM) kumapereka maubwino ambiri, makamaka posungira chizindikiro ndi kudalirika.Phindu limodzi lalikulu ndi la FM ndikukhazikika kwa phokoso komanso siginecha mphamvu v ariat.Mosiyana ndi kusinthasintha kwa ma hempivu (am), komwe phokoso limakhudza mtundu wa zilembo posintha matalikidwe, FM amapeza zambiri zosintha pafupipafupi.Njirayi imapangitsa FM kukhala yosagwirizana ndi zosokoneza zokhudzana ndi matalikidwe, adaperekanso mphamvu yakukhazikikabe.Kukhazikika kumeneku ndi kopindulitsa kwambiri pamayendedwe a mafoni, pomwe mphamvu yaikulu ikhoza kukhala yosiyanasiyana monga momwe wolandila amayendera m'malo osiyanasiyana, monga madera kapena nkhalango.Kutha kwa FM kuti musunge momveka bwino ngakhale kusintha mikhalidwe kuli bwino m'machitidwe awa.Mwachitsanzo, m'magalimoto olumikizirana magalimoto, FM amawonetsa kulumikizana kosasinthika pakati pa malo ogulitsa ndi nyumba, ngakhale pakuyenda m'malo mokhala ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana.Chitetezo cha FM

Ubwino wina wa fm ndiye kugwirizana kwake ndi ma rackquar radiory (RF).FM imalola kusinthasintha pamalo otsika, kupangitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwa ampatuko osagwirizana omwe amalimbikitsa chizindikiro popanda zowonongeka zazikulu.Kuchita bwino kumeneku kumakhala kopindulitsa kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito.Mwachitsanzo, mu ma radio ogwiritsa ntchito ma radio ogwiritsira ntchito am'munda, pogwiritsa ntchito achangu ocheperako omwe ali ndi mphamvu amatha kuwonjezera ntchito yogwira ntchito, yabwino panthawi yowonjezera pamadera akutali.

FM Zovuta za FM

Ngakhale kuti zabwino zake, motsatana pafupipafupi (FM) ali ndi malire.Chojambula chimodzi choyambirira ndi chokwanira chotsika poyerekeza ndi njira zina zosinthira, monga gawo losinthana (monga gawo) ndi mawonekedwe a Quedotion.FM nthawi zambiri amafunikira gulu lochulukirapo kuti likwaniritse mitengo yomweyi, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri, makamaka m'malo okhala ndi bandwidth yochepa.

Zovuta zina ndizovuta ndipo zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi FM Demonulators, zomwe ziyenera kusinthidwa molondola v Ayo0 ma ions atalikidwe.Njirayi imafuna kuti akhale ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira komanso otanthauzira molondola, kupanga njira zokwera mtengo kwambiri kuti mukhazikitse ndi kusamalira kuposa momwe amakhalira.Zowonjezera, za FM Zizindikiro zimapanga mbali zomwe zimawonjezera mwamphamvu kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala ndi gulu lalikulu la bandwidth, makamaka mu fem (wbfm) ntchito.Kuyang'anira bandwidth iyi kumafuna fayilo yolondola kuti mupewe kuchepa kwa signasi.Zosefera bwino kwambiri zimatha kuyambitsa zizindikiro zowoneka bwino, makamaka madera omwe zigawo zingapo za FM zimafalikira pafupi.

Mbiri ya FM ndi chitukuko

Kuyambitsa kutengera kwaukadaulo pafupipafupi (FM) mwapadera kuchepetsa kulowererapo kwa parayi wailesi ndikusintha kumveka bwino.M'masiku oyambilira a wailesi, osachepera anali vuto lalikulu, makamaka ndi matalikidwe posintha (AM).Makinawa anali otanganidwa kwambiri ndi phokoso, monga momwe anagwiritsira ntchito zambiri kudzera mwa v ariat masikono.Zinthu zachilengedwe ngati mkuntho wamagetsi ndi mizere yamagetsi ikhoza kusintha zizindikirozi.

Mu 1928, injiniya waku America Edwin Ardestrong adayamba kuyang'ana FM ngati njira yochepetsera malire osapereka bandwidth.Mosiyana ndi Amm, FM imayika chidziwitso posintha pafupipafupi, ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zocheperako kuzokhazo komanso phokoso.Njira ya Armstpstrong inali kusinthika, kutsutsa chikhulupiriro chakuti kufooketsa bandwidth inali njira yokhayo yothandizira kusanjidwa.Adawonetsa kuti powonjezera bandwedth, FM atha kupereka zabwino kwambiri ndi phokoso locheperako, ngakhale m'madera ovutikira.Ngakhale atakhala akatswiri azachipatala, Armststrong anali wotsimikiza mtima kutsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwa FM.Mu 1939, adakhazikitsa wailesi yake ya FM FM Fmu kuti awonetsere zabwino za ukadaulo.Masikonowo adagwira pa gulu la pafupipafupi pakati pa 42 ndi 50 Mhz, kuwonetsa kulimba mtima kwa FM komanso kukana kokhazikika.

Kupambana kwa bwalo la Armstrong kunapangitsa kuti kuvomerezedwa bwino kwa FM, ndipo pambuyo pake fedusitions (FCC) kenako adakulitsa FM Band mpaka 88-108 Mhz, kutsogolera kufalikira.Kusintha kumeneku sikunali zovuta, monga olandila FM adayamba kutha ntchito, amafuna kuti opanga azikonzanso ndi ogula kuti akweze zida zawo.Pamapeto pake, mapindu a FM a Ubwino wa FM, kusokoneza, komanso kudalirika koyambirira kwa zovuta, kukhazikitsa kulumikizana kwamitundu yapamwamba kwambiri komanso kovuta.

Zosintha Zosintha

Pazosintha pafupipafupi (FM), chosinthira chosinthira ndi gawo lapadera ndi magawo owoneka bwino omwe amakhudza machitidwe a dongosolo, kuchokera kuwonekera pazithunzi kuti muone luso.

Chotsatsa chosinthira chimayesa v ariat v ariat joion to stequal frand, band frign-band fm fms (nbfm) kapena wamkulu-bandMuukadaulo wapaukadaulo, pomwe WBFM ndi muyezo, mainjiniya amayenera kuwerengera mosamala kuti kuwonetsa kutsimikizika kuti chizindikirocho chimakhala mkati mwa bandwidth yake.Izi zimaphatikizapo kuwunikira mosalekeza, nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwa nthawi yeniyeni kuti musunge bwino pakati pa mawu oyenera a Audio Modelity ndi malire owongolera.

Chiwerengero cha kupatuka, chomwe ndi chiwerengero cha kupatuka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa pafupipafupi chizindikiro chokwanira chosinthika, chimagwiranso ntchito yayikulu.Mu ma a WBFM, kuchuluka kwapatuko kanthawi kofunikira kwambiri koma kumafuna kuti wolandila katundu wowonjezera komanso kusefera zapamwamba kuti ateteze zosokoneza.Mosiyana, mu NBFM ntchito, kuchuluka kwapadera kumapangitsa kuti pakhale phokoso lalikulu, ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino njira zoyankhulirana ndi njira zoyankhulirana ngati ntchito zadzidzidzi.Kukhala ndi kusunga njira yosinthira njira yosinthira ndi kuchuluka kwa kupatuka ndi ntchito yabwino.M'malo okwera monga kuwongolera magalimoto, akatswiri amafunika kuwonetsetsa kuti magawo azikhala bwino kuti asasokonezedwe ndikuwonetsetsa kulankhulana momveka bwino.

Kutsatira mobwerezabwereza

Chithunzi 5: FM Bandwidth

FM Bandwidth ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza zonsezi komanso luso la kulingalira.Imatsimikiziridwa ndi kupatuka kwapang'onopang'ono komanso kumasula kwa siginecha yosinthika, kupanga mbali mbali zonse zaonyamula.Ngakhale mbali izi zikukula bwino mu chiphunzitso chakumapeto, kukula kwawo kumachepa kuchokera ku chonyamulira, kulola mainjiniya kuti achepetse bandwidth.Pamadzimbodi apamwamba kwambiri, ndipo bandwidth yonse ya bandwidth imathandizira kwambiri, omwe akugwira vuto la nyimbo ndi zolankhula.Ma injini ofalitsa mawu ayenera kusamala bwino kwambiri ndi gawo lililonse, onetsetsani kuti njira iliyonse imagwirira ntchito limodzi ndi bandwidth popanda kusokoneza maulendo oyandikana nawo.

Mosiyana, barrow-band fm (nbfm) imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma adilesi a wailesi awiri kuti asunge bandwidth.Apa, cholinga chake ndi chomveka bwino pa njira zingapo zocheperako.NBFM yochepetsedwa ya NBFM imaloleza njira yayikulu ya mafunde pakugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zadzidzidzi.Kuwongolera kwa FM Bandwidth ndikwabwino, makamaka m'malo opezeka anthu omwe ali ndi ma rayilesi ambiri.Akatswiri amafunika kuwongolera kwambiri bandwidth kuti atetezetse chizindikiro ndikukhalabe ndi zowonjezera, nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito kusefedwa kwapamwamba komanso madamu amphamvu kwambiri.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kusinthasintha pafupipafupi

Kusintha kwa pafupipafupi (FM) kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'minda yosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha chitetezo chake chaphokoso komanso chosadziwika.Nayi njira zazikuluzikulu:

• Mwailesi: FM ndi muyeso woti azifalitsa nyimbo ndi zolankhula, kupereka mawu odalirika.Akatswiri ofalitsa a Faubiration ayenera kupitiliza kusintha kwa FM kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito mawu abwino komanso luso la mathira a kumatauni, makamaka madera okhala ndi mawonekedwe oopsa.

• Makina a radar: FM amawonjezera kumveka chizindikiro ku radar, wangwiro kuti mudziwe zolondola komanso kutsatira.Ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kukhala ndi magawo opatsa mwayi kuti akonze ziwonetsero za Rairr ndi mtundu, zabwino pakugwiritsa ntchito ngati kuyendetsa magalimoto pamsewu komanso kuwunika kwankhondo.

• Kuyembekezera Ndebe: FM imagwiritsidwa ntchito kufufuza mogwirizana ndi mapangidwe apadera, amapereka deta yopanda mafakitale ngati mafuta ndi mpweya.Kumveka kwa zizindikiro za FM-kusinthidwa kumafunikira kuti mupange mapulogalamu a subterranean, kuchepetsa zolakwa zamtengo wapatali.

• Electroctroctlography (EEG): mu diastics azachipatala, FM imatsimikizira kufalikira koyenera kwa zizindikiro za ubongo mu mayeso a EEG.Techties ayenera kusamalira mosamala maofesi a FM kuti apewe kuononga, kuwonetsetsa zowerengera mwachidule zikhalidwe ngati khunyu komanso kuvulala kwa ubongo.

Kusiyana pakati pa FM ndipo AM

Palaleni	Kutsatira pafupipafupi (FM)	Kusintha Kusintha Kwaku (AM)
Chabwino	Zabwino kwambiri zokhala ndi zochepa chiwongola dzanja.	Nthawi zambiri ochepetsa mawu chifukwa chiwopsezo cha phokoso komanso kusokoneza.
Mtengo	Okwera mtengo chifukwa cha zovuta za Kusintha kwa Kusintha kwa Kusintha.	Nthawi zambiri okwera mtengo kuti akwaniritse Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kosavuta ndi madera osokoneza bongo.
Kutumiza	Atha kutsekedwa ndi zopinga zathupi, Kuchepetsa malire.	Itha kupatsidwa mtunda wautali, Kupanga kukhala koyenera kulumikizana kwanthawi yayitali.
Kuchita Mphamvu	Oyenda bwino kwambiri, abwino kwambiri onyamula ndi zida zoyendetsera battery.	Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, zofunika kwambiri Mphamvu ya kutumiza koyenera, makamaka patali kwambiri.
Kufalitsa mitundu	Kufalikira Kwabwino kwa kukhalabe odikira kwambiri-kukhulupirika kwambiri, makamaka m'mayendedwe.	Shorttary yofananira pamtundu wapamwamba kwambiri Audio;Nthawi zambiri pamafunika obwereza kapena kupezeranso zowonjezera.
Njira yosinthira	Sinthani pafupipafupi kwa wonyamula Chizindikiro, kupereka chinthu chabwino kwambiri.	Sinthanitsani matalikidwe aonyamula Chizindikiro, ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zopitilira phokoso lodziwika bwino komanso kusokonezedwa.
Kuwononga zovuta	Zovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimafunikira Tekinoloje ya kubereka kolondola.	Molunjika, mophweka Kuzungulira kokwanira kwa zizindikiro.

Mapeto

M'magulu osinthika omwe adatuluka kale, kusinthasintha pafupipafupi kumachitika ngati njira yokhazikika, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mudalire nyengo zambiri.Kuchokera pa chipongwe chofunikira mu FM kudontha ku kusankha kwa kusankha posankha njira zosinthira, udindo wa FM umafunikira popereka mawu apamwamba, otetezedwa kwa wailesi, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito wayilesi moyenera.Pamene tikupitilizabe kudalira FM pachilichonse kuchokera pa radio kudzera pa ntchito zadzidzidzi, kumvetsetsa zovuta zake zaukadaulozi komanso kutikonzekeretsanso kuti tiziyamikira kwambiri dziko lino logwirizana.